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Most of the contemporary counterterrorism policies have been developed following the critical events of the twenty-first century, such as the 9/11 Attacks, the American war in Afghanistan and Iraq, the Arab Spring, Al-Qaeda, and ISIS. Global attention has been focused more on building effective practical capabilities in the short term, with no impact on the long term.
Since excessive force leads to suspicion, prejudice, resentment, anger, hate and hostility towards the state, it is necessary to develop the society-based resilience to face terrorism and violent extremism. As such, governments aspire to link countering violent extremism approaches to community-based engagement and rehabilitation of extremists and terrorists with counter-terrorism laws and monitoring powers to achieve peace and security.